top of page

Literature

All our tests are based on scientific observation and research on various fields. Should you have any technical questions about our test or the information presented here, please feel free to contact us.

Performance

Nutrition

performance
nutrition

 Nine genetic polymorphisms associated with power athlete status – A Meta-Analysis. Jan Weyerstraß, Kelly Stewart, Anke Wesselius, Maurice Zeegers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21 (2018) 213–220
 - Link 

 

 The PPARGC1A gene Gly482Ser in Polish and Russian athletes. Agnieszka Maciejewska, Marek Sawczuk, Pawel Cieszczyk , Irina A. Mozhayskaya & Ildus I. Ahmetov. Journal of Sports Sciences, DOI:10.1080/02640414.2011.623709
 - Link â€‹

 

 Polymorphism of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene (VEGF) and Aerobic Performance in Athletes. I. I. Ahmetova,b, A. M. Khakimullinab, D. V. Popovc, S. S. Missinac, O. L. Vinogradovac, and V. A. Rogozkin. Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2008, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 97–101
 - Link 

 

 CREB1 Is a Strong Genetic Predictor of the Variation in Exercise Heart Rate Response to Regular Exercise The HERITAGE Family Study. Tuomo Rankinen, George Argyropoulos, Treva Rice, D.C. Rao, Claude Bouchard. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3:294-299
 - Link 

​

 Search for Associations between G/A Polymorphism of the EPAS1 Gene and the Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Russian Athletes. E. A. Bondarevaa, A. N. Bleera, and E. Z. Godina. Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2016, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 120–124
 - Link​ 

 

 ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D gene variants influence performance in elite sprinters: a multi-cohort study. Ioannis D. Papadimitriou1, Alejandro Lucia2, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, et al. BMC Genomics (2016) 17:285
 - Link​ 

 

 Associations of polymorphisms of eight muscle- or metabolism-related genes with performance in Mount Olympus marathon runners. Georgios I. Tsianos, Evangelos Evangelou, Arnoud Boot, et al. J Appl Physiol 108: 567–574, 2010
- Link ​

 

 Genes for Elite Power and Sprint Performance: ACTN3 Leads the Way. Nir Eynon, Erik D. Hanson, Alejandro Lucia, et al. Sports Med. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0059-4 
 - Link​ 

​

 Association of Muscle Specific Creatine Kinase (CKMM) Gene
Polymorphism with Physical Performance of Athletes. 
O. N. Fedotovskayaa, D. V. Popovb, O. L. Vinogradovab, and I. I. Akhmetov. Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2012, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 105–109

 - Link â€‹

​

 Greater muscle damage in athletes with ACTN3 R577X (RS1815739) gene polymorphism after an ultra-endurance race: a pilot study. Belli T1,2, Crisp AH3, Verlengia R. Biol. Sport 2017;34:105-110
 - Link â€‹

​

 Human COL5A1 polymorphisms and quadriceps muscle–tendon mechanical stiffness in vivo. Eric A. Kirk, Colin W. Moore, Eric J. Chater-Diehl, Shiva M. Singh and Charles L. Rice. Exp Physiol 101.12 (2016) pp 1581–1592
 - Link â€‹

​

 How does α-actinin-3 deficiency alter muscle function? Mechanistic insights into ACTN3, the ‘gene for speed’. Fiona X.Z. Lee, J. Houweling, Kathryn N. North, Kate G.R. Quinlan. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1863 (2016) 686–693
 - Link â€‹

​

 Genomic predictors of the maximal O2 uptake response to standardized exercise training programs. Claude Bouchard, Mark A. Sarzynski, Treva K. Rice, et al. J Appl Physiol 110:1160-1170, 2011
 - Link â€‹

​

 The Role of Genetic Variation in Muscle Strenght. Matthew Kostek, et al. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, vol.5 no. 2 2011.

 - Link â€‹

​

 The K153R Polymorphism in the Myostatin Gene and Muscle Power Phenotypes in Young, Non-Athletic Men. Catalina Santiago., Jonatan R. Ruiz., Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo, et al. PLoS ONE January 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 1 | e16323

 - Link â€‹

​

 Association analysis of ACE, ACTN3 and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms in two cohorts of European strength and power athletes. Gineviciene V, Jakaitiene A, Aksenov MO, et al. Biol. Sport 2016;33:199-206
 - Link â€‹

​

 Positive Association of D Allele of ACE Gene With High Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Indian Population. Shuchi Bhagi, Swati Srivastava. WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, 26, 124–132 (2015)
 - Link â€‹

​

 Effect of HIF1A Gene Polymorphism on Human Muscle Performance. I. I. Ahmetov1,2, A. M. Hakimullina1, E. V. Lyubaeva, et al. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 146, No. 3, September, 2008
 - Link â€‹

​

 VARIATION IN THE HIF1A GENE IN ELITE ROWERS. PAWEL CIEË›SZCZYK,1 MICHAEL KALINSKI,2 MAGDALENA OSTANEK, et al. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
 - Link â€‹

​

 Genomic haplotype within the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARD) gene is associated with elite
athletic status. 
A. Maciejewska-Karlowska, E. D. Hanson, M. Sawczuk, P. Cieszczyk, N. Eynon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014: 24: e148–e155
 - Link â€‹

​

• Sports genetics: the PPARA gene and athletes’ high ability in endurance sports. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lopez-Leon S, Tuvblad C, Forero DA. Biol. Sport 2016;33:3-6
 - Link â€‹

​

 Genetic polymorphisms to predict gains in maximal O2 uptake
and knee peak torque after a high intensity training program
in humans.
Jinho Yoo, Bo‑Hyung Kim, Soo‑Hwan Kim. Eur J Appl Physiol (2016) 116:947–957
 - Link â€‹

​

 Genomic and transcriptomic predictors of response levels
to endurance exercise training. 
Mark A. Sarzynski, Sujoy Ghosh and Claude Bouchard. J Physiol 595.9 (2017) pp 2931–2939
 - Link â€‹

Professional Soccer

• ACTN3/ACE genotypes and mitochondrial genome in professional soccer players' performance. Galeandro V et al. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 2017 Jan-Mar;31(1):207-213.

 - Link 

 

 The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on patterns of non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries in a football player population according to ethnicity. Artells R, Pruna R. Med Clin (Barc). 2013 Dec 13. pii: S0025-7753 (13) 00735-5

 - Link 

 

 Influence of the COL5A1 rs12722 on musculoskeletal injuries in professional soccer players. Massidda M et al. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2015 Nov;55(11):1348-53. Epub 2015 Jan 13.

 - Link 

 

 Genetic biomarkers in non-contact muscle injuries in elite soccer players. Pruna R, Artells R et al. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 2016 Apr 16.

 - Link​ 

​

 Elastin: a possible genetic biomarker fro more severe ligament injuries in elite soccer. A pilot study. Artells R, Pruna R et al. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 2016 Sept. 17;6(2)

 - Link â€‹

 Preproghrelin Leu72Met variant contributes to overweight in middle-aged men of a Japanese large cohort. M Kuzuya, F Ando, A Iguchi and H Shimokata. International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 1609–1614
 - Link 

 

 Effect of Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 on anthropometric and biochemical variables in response to a moderate-fat diet. Erika Martinez-Lopez, Maritza R. Garcia-Garcia, Jorge M. Gonzalez-Avalos, Montserrat Maldonado-Gonzalez, Bertha Ruiz-Madrigal, Barbara Vizmanos, Zamira Hernandez-Nazara, Arturo Panduro, Sonia Roman. Nutrition Journal, Nutrition 29 (2013) 46–51. DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2012.03.002
 - Link â€‹

 

 Influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms on body weight and body composition changes after a controlled weight-loss intervention. Barbara Szendrei, Domingo González-Lamuño, Teresa Amigo, Guan Wang, Yannis Pitsiladis, Pedro J. Benito, Carmen Gomez-Candela, Francisco J. Calderón, and Rocío Cupeiro; on behalf of the PRONAF Study Group. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 41: 307–314 (2016) dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0425
 - Link 

 

 Interaction between TCF7L2 polymorphism and dietary fat intake on high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Dhanasekaran Bodhini, Szilvia Gaal, Israa Shatwan, Kandaswamy Ramya, Basma Ellahi, Shelini Surendran, Vasudevan Sudha, Mohan R. Anjana, Viswanathan Mohan, Julie A. Lovegrove, Venkatesan Radha, Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran. PLOS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188382 November 28, 2017
 - Link 

 

 The PPAR-gamma P12A polymorphism modulates the relationship between dietary fat intake and components of the metabolic syndrome: results form the Québec Family Study. Robitaille J, Després J-P, Pérusse L, Vohl M-C. Clin Genet 2003: 63: 109-116

 - Link​ 

​

 Association of a PPARD Polymorphism with Human Physical Performance. I. I. Ahmetov, I. V. Astratenkova, and V. A. Rogozkin. Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, 2007, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 852–857

 - Link â€‹

​

 Sex-specific interactions between the IRS1 polymorphism and
intakes of carbohydrates and fat on incident type 2 diabete. 
Ulrika Ericson, Gull Rukh, Ivana Stojkovic, Emily Sonestedt, Bo Gullberg, Elisabet Wirfa¨lt, Peter Wallstro¨m,
and Marju Orho-Melander. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:208–16.
 - Link â€‹

​

 Lactose Intolerance (LCT-13910C>T) Genotype Is Associated with Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Caucasians: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Ohood Alharbi and Ahmed El-Sohemy. The Journal of Nutrition. DOI:10.3945/jn.116.246108.

 - Link â€‹

​

 CHO intake alters obesity risk associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARy gene. A. Marti, M. S. Corbalan, M. A. Martinez-Gonzalez, L. Forga, and J. A. Martinez. J. Physiol. Biochem., 58 (4), 219-220, 2002
 - Link â€‹

​

 Effect of dietary energy and polymorphisms in BRAP and GHRL on obesity and metabolic traits. Takahiro Imaizumi, Masahiko Ando, Masahiro Nakatochi, et al. Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2016.05.004
 - Link â€‹

​

 Role of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 2 Ala54Thr Genotype on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors after a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet during 9 Months. Daniel Antonio de Luis, Olatz Izaola, Beatriz de la Fuente, David Primo, Enrique Romero. Ann Nutr Metab 2015;67:81–86. DOI: 10.1159/000438947
 - Link â€‹

​

 FTO genotype and weight loss in diet and lifestyle interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lingwei Xiang, Hongyu Wu, An Pan, Bhakti Patel, Guangda Xiang, Lu Qi, Robert C Kaplan, Frank Hu, Judith Wylie-Rosett, and Qibin Qi. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103:1162–70
 - Link â€‹

​

 Genetics of weight loss: A basis for personalized obesity management. J. Alfredo Martínez and Fermin I. Milagro. Trends in Food Science & Technology 42 (2015) 97e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2014.12.007
 - Link â€‹

Injury Prevention

 Applying Personal Genetic Data to Injury Risk Assessment in Athletes. Gabrielle T. Goodlin, Andrew K. Roos, Thomas R. Roos, Claire Hawkins, Sydney Beache, Stephen Baur, Stuart K. Kim. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122676 April 28, 2015
 - Link 

 

 The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance. Nicola Maffulli, Katia Margiotti, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Mattia Loppini, Vito Michele Fazio, VIncenzo Denaro. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal 2013; 3 (3): 173-189
 - Link â€‹

 

 ACE ID genotype affects blood creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise. Chen Yamin, Offer Amir, Moran Sagiv, Eric Attias, Yoav Meckel, Nir Eynon, Michael Sagiv and Ruthie E. Amir. J Appl Physiol 103: 2057–2061, 2007
 - Link 

 

 IGF-II gene region polymorphisms related to exertional muscle damage. Joseph M. Devaney, Eric P. Hoffman, Heather Gordish-Dressman, Amy Kearns, Edward Zambraski, and Priscilla M. Clarkson. J Appl Physiol 102: 1815–1823, 2007

 - Link 

​

 Genetic variation and exercise‑induced muscle damage: implications for athletic performance, injury and ageing. Philipp Baumert, Mark J. Lake, Claire E. Stewart, Barry Drust, Robert M. Erskine. Eur J Appl Physiol (2016) 116:1595–1625
 - Link​ 

 

 Overrepresentation of the COL3A1 AA genotype in Polish skiers with anterior cruciate ligament injury. StÄ™pieÅ„-SÅ‚odkowska M, Ficek K, Maciejewska-KarÅ‚owska A, Sawczuk M, ZiÄ™tek P, Król P, Zmijewski P, Pokrywka A, CiÄ™szczyk P. Biol. Sport 2015;32:143-147

 - Link​ 

 

 Is There a Genetic Predisposition to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear? A Systematic Review. Rakesh John, Mandeep Singh Dhillon, Siddhartha Sharma, Sharad Prabhakar and Mohit Bhandari. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 12. DOI: 10.1177/0363546515624467
- Link ​

 

 MMP3 and TIMP2 gene variants as predisposing factors for Achilles tendon pathologies: Attempted replication study in a British case–control cohort. Louis El Khoury, William J. Ribbans, Stuart M. Raleigh. Published by Elsevier B.V.
 - Link​ 

​

 The Guanine-Thymine Dinucleotide Repeat Polymorphism Within the Tenascin-C Gene Is Associated With Achilles Tendon Injuries. Gaonyadiwe G. Mokone, Mamta Gajjar, Alison V. September, Martin P. Schwellnus, Jacquie Greenberg, Timothy D. Noakes and Malcolm Collins. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 7. DOI: 10.1177/0363546504271986

 - Link â€‹

​

 Association of polymorphisms rs1800012 in COL1A1 with
sports-related tendon and ligament injuries: a meta-analysis. 
Chunguang Wang, Hao Li, Kang Chen, Bing Wu and Haifeng Liu. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, (No. 16), pp: 27627-27634
 - Link â€‹

​

 COL5A1 gene variants previously associated with reduced soft tissue injury risk are associated with elite athlete status in rugby.
Shane M. Heffernan, Liam P. Kilduff, Robert M. Erskine, Stephen H. Day, Georgina K. Stebbings, Christian J. Cook, Stuart M. Raleigh, Mark A. Bennett, Guan Wang, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis and Alun G. Williams. BMC Genomics 2017, 18(Suppl 8):820. DOI 10.1186/s12864-017-4187-3

 - Link â€‹

​

 The Apoptosis Pathway and the Genetic Predisposition to Achilles Tendinopathy. Erica-Mari Nell, Lize van der Merwe, Jill Cook, Christopher J. Handley, Malcolm Collins, Alison V. September. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH NOVEMBER 2012.

 - Link â€‹

​

 Polymorphisms within the COL5A1 3-UTR That Alters mRNA Structure and the MIR608 Gene are Associated with Achilles Tendinopathy. Yoonus Abrahams, Mary-Jessica Laguette, Sharon Prince and Malcolm Collins. Annals of Human Genetics (2013) 77,204–214. DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12013
 - Link â€‹

​

 ELN and FBN2 Gene Variants as Risk Factors for Two Sports-related Musculoskeletal Injuries. L. El Khoury, M. Posthumus, M. Collins, W. van der Merwe, C. Handley, J. Cook, S. M. Raleigh. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 333–337

 - Link â€‹

injury
football
Got questions?
Use any of the options below - we want to hear from you!
bottom of page